Orthotics and Braces

There are a number of different types of orthoses and braces for different conditions.

1.Foot orthoses: These are worn inside the shoe to modify the forces acting on the sole of the foot. They help the foot and lower limbs to function more normally and decrease the chance of damage to the foot, lower limbs, hips and spine during weight-bearing activities.

There are standard orthoses which are made in average sizes and shapes to match the most common foot types. There are also custom-made foot orthoses, which are individually designed and made using a 3D representation of the foot, created from a scan, negative casting or compressible foam impressions.

There are different types of foot orthoses, which perform different functions:

• Functional foot orthoses correct abnormal foot function and abnormal lower limb function. They are made from flexible rigid or semi-rigid plastic or graphite and easily fit into most types of shoes.
• Accommodative foot orthoses are used to relieve pressure from painful or injured areas on the bottom of the foot – for example diabetic ulcers.
• Functional/accommodative foot orthoses combine both functions.

2.Lower limb orthoses: These are external devices attached to a lower limb. They provide support, control motion, reduce pain, and correct deformities and prevent them from progressing. Lower limb orthoses include:

• Knee orthoses: for conditions such as osteoarthritis; moderate to severe anterior and posterior cruciate ligament injuries and collateral ligament instability.
• Knee ankle and foot orthoses: for conditions such as cerebral palsy, Multiple Sclerosis and knee instability.

3.Spinal orthoses: These are designed for patients with spinal injury to assist with rehabilitation. They include:

• Spinal brace: to maintain alignment of the spine and provide stability.
• Resting orthoses: for use overnight and while resting during the day. To maintain muscle length and range.

4.Shoulder orthoses: These are designed for neuromuscular stabilisation of the shoulder joint.

5.Hand and wrist orthoses: These are designed to support the wrist and stabilise the wrist and thumb.

6.Knee, hip and thigh orthoses: These provide active support and stabilisation for the knee, hip and thigh.

7.Orthopaedic shoes: Orthopaedic footwear can help to support people with a wide range of different health conditions including:

• Diabetes
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Lymph oedema
• Forefoot deformities
• Users of lower limb orthotics
• Blisters and prevention of blisters during sports